ENTERPRISE AI ANALYSIS
Muscle and bone growth in the lower legs of typically developing children and ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a mixed longitudinal study
This study provides crucial reference data for lower leg muscle and bone growth velocities in typically developing children, revealing asynchronous development and significant growth deficits in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Executive Impact Summary
Longitudinal MRI data from 252 children (5-18 years, including 66 with CP) were analyzed to establish reference curves for lower leg muscle and tibia growth velocities. Key findings include higher and later peak muscle growth velocity in typically developing boys (155 cm³/yr at 14.2 years) compared to girls (117 cm³/yr at 12.1 years). Muscle growth peaked 2 years after tibia length growth, indicating asynchronous development. Children with CP showed median muscle growth velocities ~41% smaller and tibia length velocities ~11% smaller than age- and sex-matched typically developing children, with deficits observed across all ages and independent of functional impairment or treatment history.
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Peak Muscle Growth Velocity (Boys)
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Peak Muscle Growth Velocity (Girls)
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Muscle Growth Deficit in CP Children
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Tibia Length Growth Deficit in CP Children
Deep Analysis & Enterprise Applications
Select a topic to dive deeper, then explore the specific findings from the research, rebuilt as interactive, enterprise-focused modules.
Explores the distinct patterns and timings of muscle and bone growth during childhood and adolescence in typically developing children.
Details the significant deficits in muscle and bone growth observed in children with cerebral palsy compared to their typically developing peers.
Describes the mixed longitudinal study design, MRI acquisition protocols, and advanced analysis techniques used to generate growth velocity reference curves.
1.9 Years
Average delay of peak muscle growth velocity after peak tibia length velocity in typically developing children, highlighting asynchronous development.
Enterprise Process Flow
MRI Acquisition (5-18 yrs)
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Image Segmentation (AI-enabled)
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Muscle Volume & Tibia Length Calculation
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Growth Velocity Estimation
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Reference Curve Construction
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CP Comparison & Analysis
| Comparison Point | Current State | AI-Enhanced State |
|---|---|---|
| Lower Leg Muscle Volume Velocity |
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| Tibia Length Velocity |
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Optimizing Interventions for Children with Cerebral Palsy
Traditional growth assessments often rely on cross-sectional data, making it difficult to pinpoint the optimal timing for interventions to stimulate muscle growth in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). The asynchronous growth of muscle and bone further complicates treatment planning.
Leveraging mixed longitudinal MRI data and AI-enabled segmentation, this study provides detailed growth velocity reference curves for lower leg muscles and tibia in TD children. By comparing CP children against these precise curves, clinicians can obtain individualized assessments of growth impairments.
The findings show that CP children exhibit significantly reduced muscle growth velocities (~41% smaller) across all ages (5-18 years) and independent of functional impairment. This continuous deficit, rather than a specific 'cessation' point, suggests that interventions may need to be ongoing and tailored to individual growth trajectories. The presence of an adolescent growth spurt in CP children (similar to TD) indicates a potential window for accelerating muscle growth through hormonal stimuli or targeted therapies, leading to potentially significant improvements in motor function and quality of life.
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